General Imperialism Questions
Which statement best expresses the motive for 19th-century European imperialism?
- Living space was needed for the excess population in western Europe.
- European leaders believed imperialism was an effective method of reducing the number of wars.
- European nations would benefit from some aspects of the conquered nation’s culture.
- Imperialism would benefit the economies of the colonial powers.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to
- provide jobs for the colonists
- obtain raw materials needed for industrialization
- impress the colonists with their technological knowledge
- help missionaries spread Christianity
During the 18th and 19th centuries, increased contact between European and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America resulted in
- closer cultural cooperation between Europe and these continents
- the exploitation of the labor and resources of these continents
- a return to the political and economic systems of feudal Europe
- preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economies.
This statement describes a situation that resulted from the
- industrialization of Europe and the need for raw materials
- desire of Europeans to spread communism throughout the world
- European belief in human rights for all people
- requests of developing nations for modern machines and technology
Throughout the 1800’s, an increased need for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led various European nations to pursue policies of
- imperialism
- socialism
- isolationism
- communism
Some developing countries rely on a single cash crop such as cotton or sugar cane. The origin of this practice can often be traced to the
- introduction of communism
- establishment of democratic governments
- colonization of the region
- movements to gain independence
British control over South Africa, French control over Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are examples of
- isolationism
- appeasement
- nonalignment
- imperialism
The term empire is best defined as
- a political unit that has a common religious faith
- a government ruled by the consent of the people
- an extensive territory under the rule of a single authority
- a country that requires conquered peoples to assimilate
British in India
The Sepoy Rebellion is considered an important event in Indian history because it was one cause of the
- independence movement in India
- secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan
- establishment of French colonies in India
- creation of the Mughal Empire by Muslims
The primary goal of the Indian National Congress (1855-1947) was to
- reform the Hindu religion
- partition India between Muslims and Hindus
- create a socialist economy
- gain independence from Great Britain
One result of British colonialism in India was that India
- adopted a parliamentary system of government
- developed religious unity
- supported Western foreign policies in the United Nations
- created programs to increase its population
The Sepoy Rebellion was to India as the Boxer Rebellion was to
- Russia
- Japan
- China
- Italy
Which event in Indian history could be considered a result of the other three?
- Salt March
- Amritsar Massacre
- Sepoy Rebellion
- passage of the Independence Act
The primary reason the Mongols and the British were able to expand their empires through conquest was because of
- a knowledge and command of advanced technologies
- a rejection of democratic policies and practices
- the development of religious and cultural reforms
- an extended period of peaceful trade and commerce
The Scramble for Africa
Which African group centralized its rule and adopted new military techniques that challenged the power of the British and the Boers in South Africa?
- Zulu
- Ibo
- Ashanti
- Masai
Which statement best expresses the Western perspective regarding Rudyard Kipling’s “white man’s burden”?
- Europeans should preserve traditional cultures in Africa and Asia.
- Europeans must protect existing African and Asian economies.
- Europeans suffered great hardships in exploring new trade routes to Asia.
- Europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples.
Which of these developments in Africa was a cause of the other three?
- Rival tribal groups fought wars.
- The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries.
- Traditional territories and culture groups were permanently fragmented.
- African economies became dependent on the sale of cash crops and raw materials.
Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19th century over the control of land in South Africa?
- German and French
- Indian and Belgian
- British and Boer
- Ethiopian and Italian
Many of the political divisions shown on this map were directly related to the
(1) Meiji Restoration (3) Berlin Conference
(2) Opium Wars (4) Boer War
Which region was most affected by decisions made at the Berlin Conference of 1884?
(1) Latin America (3) East Asia
(2) South Asia (4) Africa
Early exploration of Africa by Europeans was hindered by the
(1) lack of natural resources in Africa
(2) alliances between African kingdoms
(3) isolationist policies of European monarchs
(4) many different physical features of Africa
Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800’s?
- new nations were based on old tribal boundaries
- the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded
- the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers
- African unity was encouraged
After 1880, European nations sought colonies in Africa primarily because the Europeans were
- in need of land for their surplus populations
- competing of raw materials and markets
- determined to bring Christianity to the Moslem world
- interested in completing their geographic knowledge of the world
The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that
- Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans
- Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help
- imperialism was opposed by most Europeans
- Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples
“The Ashanti and Ijebu... strongly resisted missionary incursion [interference]-for a time at least . . . Both groups grudgingly [reluctantly] accepted missionaries and their schools only after military defeat by imperial forces.”
— Edward H. Berman
A valid conclusion based on this quotation would be that some Africans
- opposed giving up their religious and cultural heritage
- returned to the worship of their traditional gods after the defeat of the missionaries
- cooperated with the missionaries for economic gain
- feared that missionaries would refuse to teach their children
Take up the White Man’s burden—
Send forth the best ye breed
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives’ need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild—
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
--Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”
The phrase “White Man’s burden” in this excerpt refers to the
- negative attitude of Europeans toward peoples of the non-Western world
- advantages Europeans would gain by colonizing Africa, Asia, and Latin America
- positive role of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa and Asia
- challenges non-Europeans faced when trading with the Europeans
Both the French and the British were interested in controlling Egypt in the mid-19th century because Egypt had
- control of the spice trade
- an industrial-based economy
- vital mineral resources
- a strategic location
…, you, Africa, suffered like a beast
Your ashes strewn to the wind that roams the desert,
Your tyrants built the lustrous, magic temples
To preserve your soul, preserve your suffering.
Barbaric right of fist and the white right to whip,
You had the right to die, you could also weep.
--Patrice Lumumba, “Dawn in the Heart of Africa”
This African poem is discussing the evils of
- imperialism
- communism
- nationalism
- regionalism
Which of these developments in Africa was a cause of the other three?
- Rival tribal groups fought wars.
- The Berlin Conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries.
- Traditional territories and culture groups were permanently fragmented.
- African economies became dependent on the sale of cash crops and raw materials.
Which cultures fought with the Zulus in the 19th century over the control of land in South Africa?
- German and French
- Indian and Belgian
- British and Boer
- Ethiopian and Italian
Imperialism in China
Base your answer to question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
. . . Our celestial empire [China] rules over ten thousand kingdoms! Most surely do we possess a measure of godlike majesty which ye cannot fathom! Still we cannot bear to slay or exterminate without previous warning, and it is for this reason that we now clearly make known to you the fixed laws of our land. If the foreign merchants of your said honorable nation desire to continue their commercial intercourse, they then must tremblingly obey our recorded statutes, they must cut off for ever the source from which the opium flows, and on no account make an experiment of our laws in their own persons! Let then your highness [Queen Victoria] punish those of your subjects who may be criminal, do not endeavor to screen or conceal them, and thus you will secure peace and quietness to your possessions, thus will you more than ever display a proper sense of respect and obedience, and thus may we unitedly enjoy the common blessings of peace and happiness. What greater joy! What more complete felicity [harmony] than
this! . . .
— Chinese High Commissioner Lin Zexu’s letter to
Queen Victoria
Which event is most directly related to the 19thcentury situation described in this passage?
- signing of the Treaty of Nanjing
- Russo-Japanese War
- annexation of Korea
- Sepoy Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion and the work of Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) are most closely associated with the
- Long March
- Golden Age of China
- Cultural Revolution
- rise of nationalism in China
One way in which the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China are similar is that both attempted to
- to remove foreign influences
- restore democracy
- modernize their economy
- end religious conflict
The Opium Wars of the mid-19th century marked the beginning of the
- rivalry between China and Taiwan
- domination of China by foreign powers
- decline of European influence in East Asia
- global effort to combat drug use
What was a principal reason for the success of European colonialism in Asia in the late 1800s?
- Asians respected Europeans as representatives of an advanced civilization.
- Europe was able to dominate military and commercial relations with Asia.
- Europeans respected Asian laws and customs.
- Many Asians adopted European religious practices.
A major goal of both the Sepoy Mutiny in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China was to
- rid their countries of foreigners
- expand their respective territories
- receive international military support
- restore an absolute monarch to the throne
The Portuguese control of Macao and the British control of Hong Kong in China are examples of
- collectivization
- self-determination
- imperialism
- containment
One way in which the Sepoy Mutiny in India, the Zulu resistance in southern Africa, and the Boxer Rebellion in China are similar is that each resulted from
- government policies of ethnic cleansing
- attempts by democratic forces to overthrow the monarchy
- native reaction to foreign interference in the region
- government denial of access to fertile farmland
This map illustrates the concept of
- ethnocentrism
- containment
- socialism
- imperialism
One similarity between the Sepoy Mutiny and the Boxer Rebellion is that they
-
opposed European imperialism
-
ended an established dynasty
-
resulted in the redistribution of land
-
instituted communist governments
Which phrase correctly completes this diagram?
- Chinese exports of tea to Europe
- Spread of Confucian principles
- Failure of the Boxer Rebellion
- Expanding power of Mao Zedong
In 19th-century China, the Opium War resulted in
- the control of Hong Kong being returned to China
- the removal of all British naval forces from China
- an increase in European spheres of influence in China
- the rejection of Buddhism by the Chinese people
In China, the building of the Great Wall, the use of the tribute system, and the government’s support of the Boxer Rebellion are examples of attempts by different dynasties to limit
- foreign influence
- nationalism
- communist expansion
- industrialization
The Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China were similar in that both were
- attempts to improve foreign trade
- nonviolent resistance efforts
- revolts against foreign influence
- revolutions against traditional monarchs
During the 19th century, Europeans were able to divide China in Spheres of Influence mainly because the
- Chinese were eager to adopt western culture
- Europeans had technologically superior military forces
- Europeans were willing to adopt Chinese customs
- Chinese lacked raw materials and resources
The Boxer Rebellion of the early 20th century was an attempt to
- eliminate poverty among the Chinese peasants
- bring western-style democracy to China
- restore trade between China and European nations
- remove foreign influences from China
“Yesterday, your ambassador petitioned my ministers regarding your trade with China…our Celestial Empire possesses all things in great abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. There is, therefore, no need to import any product manufactured by outside barbarians in exchange for our own goods.”
-Emperor Ch’ien Lung of China to King George III of Britain, 1793
In the view of the Emperor, which foreign policy action was in the best interest of China in 1793?
- maintaining economic isolation
- expanding foreign trade
- increasing international interdependence
- developing into a colonial power
During the 1840’s, China signed “unequal treaties” with Western nations mainly because
- China had won the Opium War
- Western nations had superior military technology
- leaders in China favored expansion
- China had requested economic assistance from the West
The results of the Opium War (1839-1842) indicate that China was
- still a major military power
- not strong enough to resist Western demands
- rapidly building a modern industrial economy
- accepting Western nations as equal trading partners
“Compared to other peoples of the world we have the greatest (largest) population and our civilization is four thousand years old…Today we are the poorest and weakest nation in the world and occupy the lowest position in international affairs. Other men are the carving knife and serving dish, we are the fish and the meat. As a consequence…we are being transformed everywhere into a colony of the foreign powers.”
Which events formed the basis for the ideas expressed in this early 1900’s passage?
- Opium War and Boxer Rebellion
- Mau Mau uprising and adoption of apartheid
- Sepoy Mutiny and the Salt March
- Haitian Revolution and Cortes’ march on Mexico City
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